Lemon Zest, Lemon Juice, Horseradish, Mustard and Paprika Emergency Recipe Substitutions and Cooking Tips
It is fun to make recipes that have been in the family for ages and vintage cookbooks are also a great source of hearty recipes. However, this can also mean needing an ingredient you haven't stocked in your kitchen spice cabinet for ages! Knowing an ingredients "equivalent" or substitution can save the day. Mom demystifies zest, horseradish, mustard and paprika and provides emergency substitutions for these ingredients.
Horseradish: Horseradish gives recipes a kick. It is the secret ingredient in my grandmother's crab dip. The taste is strong, sometimes described as tangy and hot, sort of like very strong radishes. Fresh horseradish root is twice as strong as bottled. Prepared, or bottled horseradish is mixed with vinegar and other flavors. 1 tablespoon fresh horseradish equals 2 tablespoons of bottled. Horseradish is also served alongside Prime Rib and other meats. You can also substitute 1 teaspoon of wasabe, or Japanese horseradish or a few drops of hot sauce. Keep in mind these substitutions are much hotter than horseradish so start with small amounts and adjust to taste.
Mustard: Mustard is another ingredient used in casseroles and dips to give recipes a kick. 1 teaspoon of dry mustard equals 1 tablespoon of prepared mustard. You can also start with 1 teaspoon of Dijon mustard and add more, adjusting to taste. Before chilies and peppers arrived from the New World, Europeans used mustard and horseradish to spice up dishes. Try adding a few drops of hot sauce or a dash of chili pepper if you don't have any mustard.
Paprika: Paprika is made from sweet, mild red peppers and has a light, delicate taste. Its bright red color is also makes it a popular garnish. If your recipe calls for a dash of paprika on top, it is probably there more for coloring than for flavor. My grandmother's hot dip calls for a sprinkle of paprika after baking. You can substitute a dash of chili powder for color instead. Chili powder has a smokier taste and is stronger so use sparingly. Cayenne pepper is also red, but it is even hotter, so beware. Another option is to decorate the top of your creation with something else, like minced parsley.
Lemon Zest or Citrus Juice: Lemons add zip or tartness to sauces and holiday dips. If your cottage garden is out of lemons at the moment, all is not lost. 1 teaspoon shredded lemon peel (zest) equals 1/2 teaspoon lemon extract or 2 tablespoons lemon juice. The juice of one lemon equals about 2-3 tablespoons. You can also substitute 3/4 cup lime juice for one cup of lemon juice. Or Substitute 1?2 cup vinegar for every cup of lemon juice.
Because these ingredients are mainly used as flavoring, feel free to experiment with different spicy ingredients. For more of Mom's cooking tips and apron humor visit her on the web at http://www.MomsRetro.com. Happy cooking!
About the Author
Laura Zinkan is a writer in California, she cooks up http://www.MomsRetro.com where you can find retro art and kitchen tips for busy cooks. She also cultivates a gardening site at http://www.theGardenPages.com with plant profiles, growing tips about succulents and native plants. Or drop by the LA blog http://www.angelcityart.blogspot.com to share her unique vision of California. Copyright 2009 by Laura Zinkan. Article may be reprinted if author credit is given with a website link. All rights reserved.
Is a lemon or lime tree okay to plant in a flower bed?
I would like to put some kind of fruit bearing tree in our front flower bed just to give it color. My options for the part of Texas I live in are Orange, Lemon, Plum, Pear or Lime. I want something that is smaller and most importantly that doesn't have a big root system (hence if its in the flower bed it will be close to the house / foundation? Can someone help me with which of the above trees would be okay in a flower bed? Thanks
I'd probably choose mostly which type of fruit you're likely to consume most of, and then ensure that you get a dwarfer form.
The Citrus plants are certainly great for flower beds, as they do flower regularly throughout the year, with a wonderful scent, and also have brightly coloured fruits. They;'re also likely to produce earlier good crops than some of your other fruits. This does partly depend on how close to the hosue you're planning on growing these, as any of them, if too close, would be a concern for me.
A Meyer Lemon would probably be my choice, I have friends with these in their beds, though i grow mine in containers, due to space limitations too. Citrus would be my first choice, as they're evergreen, so look great in the garden all year round. This Lemon variety is fairly hardy, and doesn't grow as tall as many of the others. It's also able to self-pollinate, which some fruits aren't able to do.
The great thing about trees is that they only extend their root network as much as the top growth needs it, so a pruned and contained tree will have a diminished root network. If you keep your bushes to a fixed height, then you will have less cause for concern. Lemons have fairly shallow fibrous root systems, that are less problematic than other types of fruit trees too. As they're shallow, ensure that they get watered and fed well, and you'll get great results.
The others, and why they would be potentially more work or problematic -
Many Limes, as much as I love them, won't self-pollinate, though you can buy some plants that have 2 varieties grafted onto the root stock, which can alleviate this issue. I don't find them as decorative or as easy to care for as Meyer lemons either, though adore the fruit.
Oranges tend to grow into larger plants than you may have the space for, though the choice of varieties is outstanding. Growing them in Louisiana they take 4 or 5 years or so to get to around 10' high, so can quickly take over a space.
The Plums and Pears are not quite as decorative as the others, though I did have a couple of Plum trees in my first garden, and liked them around my flower beds. Pears tend to want to become significantly larger than most other fruit, though an espaliered plants can be grown at a much lower height, and will fruit well - though I probably wouldn't have them amongst a mixed flower bed. If you do go for pears, then look for a variety that is grafted onto a quince, as this will not grow as vigorously as the others grafted onto pear root-stock.
Hope this helps. Good luck! Rob
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